Tuesday, August 25, 2020

textile mills in the south essays

material plants in the south expositions For what reason did the material specialists association in the southern United States spread so quickly? The material business was, one after another, probably the biggest business in the south. Beginning in the late 1800s with little nearby weaving machines spreading to become companies controlling the south and whose impact extended universally. One of the souths first material partnerships began in Gaston County, North Carolina, and its gigantic achievement prompted the opening of factories over the Carolinas and Virginia. As these enterprises developed they started to control increasingly more of their workers lives. These tremendous enterprises were allowed to exploit their laborers due to the people powerlessness to retaliate. The representatives of these factories lived in conditions looking like that of slaves before the common war. They were worked tiresome hours in aloof detainment facilities called material plants, yet were paid on normal not exactly some other modern specialist in America. In the mid twentieth century a feeling of disdain started to develop between the worki ng class and the almighty enterprise. The majority started to push for association portrayal. The industrys numbers speaks to the significance of this industry. Materials were the establishment of southern economy. In 1900 there were one hundred seventy-seven factories in North Carolina, however by the mid nineteen twenties, that number had developed to more than 500. Fifty were in Gaston County alone, and by 1929 there were more than one hundred plants in Gaston County which could process cotton, with almost seventeen thousand specialists acquiring their living only from the factories (Williams 29). Materials were a blasting industry in the south. South Carolina utilized just 2,053 individuals in the business when the new century rolled over, however by 1920, almost 50,000 individuals worked in plants, one 6th of South Carolinas populace. Virginias material industry became similarly as q... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Impact of FDI on Host Country

Effect of FDI on Host Country Theoretical This undertaking fundamentally looks at the negative impacts that FDI postures to the host economy. The effect of FDI on the host economy can be comprehended with the assistance of The Standard Theory of International Trade and The Theory of Industrial Organization. FDI has both positive and negative effects on the host-nation. FDI adversy affects the host countrys economy, condition, residential firms, world of politics, work market and exchange balance. Through this undertaking, it is presumed that the administration strategies ought to be with the end goal that they abuse the advantages of FDI totally so as to overrule its disadvantages. Presentation There is an expanding affirmation to perceive the powers of monetary globalization which initially requires taking a gander at Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by worldwide partnerships (MNCs): that is, the point at which a firm situated in one nation finds or gets creation offices in different nations. (Blonigen, 2006). Over the previous decade Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has developed discernibly as a significant type of worldwide capital exchange. Somewhere in the range of 1980 and 1990, world progressions of FDI-characterized as cross-outskirt consumptions to secure or extend corporate control of profitable resources have roughly grown multiple times (Froot, 1993). â€Å"FDI has ended up being a significant type of net global getting for Japan and the United States, the universes biggest worldwide bank and borrower respectively† (Froot, 1993, pp. 1). The most thoughtful impact of FDI has been found in creating nations, wherein yearly Foreign Direct Investment streams have expanded from a normal of under $10 billion during the 1970s to a yearly normal of $208 billion of every 1999 (Source: UNCTAD). A huge part of worldwide FDI is driven by mergers and acquisitions and internationalization of creation in a scope of businesses (Graham and Spaulding, 2005). In spite of the recognizable significance of FDI and MNCs on the planet economy, explore on the components that choose FDI designs and the effect of MNCs on parent and host nations is in its beginning times. The most noteworthy general inquiries are: what variables figure out where FDI happens, and what effects do those MNC activities have on the parent and host economies? This report for the most part investigations the negative effect of FDIs on have economies. FORIEGN DIRECT INVESTMENT â€Å"Foreign Direct Investment mirrors the goal of getting an enduring enthusiasm by an inhabitant element in one economy (â€Å"direct investor†) in an element occupant in an economy other than that of the financial specialist (â€Å"direct venture enterprise†)† (OECD). At the end of the day, it is an immediate speculation made by an enterprise in a business adventure in another nation. What isolates FDI from portfolio venture is the command over the speculation (Gillies, 2005). If there should be an occurrence of FDI in any event 10 percent of the democratic rights must be held by the remote contributing organization (Daniels et al., 2004). The contrast among FDI and different endeavors in remote nations is principally that the new pursuit works totally outside the economy of the companys home nation. The principle inspirations behind FDI are asset securing, deals development and hazard minimisation. Other than this legislatures may likewise urge FDIs because of different political intentions (Daniels et al., 2004). Sorts OF FDI Outside Direct Investment can be ordered into three general classes based on heading, target or thought processes. Based on bearing FDI can be ordered into Inward or Outward FDI. At the point when outside capital is put resources into neighborhood assets, it is alluded to as Inward FDI, then again when ventures are made by nearby firms in remote assets it is alluded to as Outward FDI. Outward FDI is otherwise called â€Å"direct venture abroad† and is constantly upheld by government support if there should be an occurrence of any dangers. Based on track FDI can be arranged into Greenfield Investments, mergers and securing, flat and vertical FDI. Greenfield Investment alludes to coordinate interest in new fields or the advancement of existing conveniences. This prompts formation of creation limit, work openings, move of innovation and ability just as connecting of the host economy to the worldwide commercial center. Mergers and procurement are a significant sort of FDI whereby there is an exchange of existing assets from nearby organizations to remote organizations. Cross fringe mergers occur when the administration of assets and business activities is moved from a neighborhood organization to an outside organization, with the nearby association turning into a partner to the remote association. Acquisitions occur when the remote organization assumes control over a local organization, and sets up itself as the new proprietor of the local organization. Even FDI alludes to a venture made by an outside organization in a similar industry in which it works in its nation of origin. Vertical FDI can be ordered further into in reverse and forward vertical FDI. In reverse Vertical FDI happens when a residential firm is given contribution by a remote firm so as to help its creation procedure though Forward Vertical FDI happens when the yield of a household firm is sold by an industry abroad it is known as forward vertical FDI. Ultimately based on thought processes, FDI can be ordered into four kinds. The main sort is of FDI happens when the different variables of creation may not be accessible in the nation of origin of the firm or be increasingly productive in the host nation, along these lines urging firms to make speculations. This is known as Resource looking for FDI. The second kind of FDI which can be utilized as a guarded technique is Market-chasing FDI. These speculations are made either to keep up existing markets or to enter into new markets. The third kind is Efficiency Seeking FDI, where the organizations want to build their competency by abusing the upsides of economies of scale and furthermore regular proprietorship. The organizations along these lines attempt to accomplish the target of benefit boost. the last sort is Strategy - resource looking for FDI, which is a typical strategy utilized by firms to prevent their rivals from gaining assets. In this way these are the different sorts of FDI . Effect OF FDI ON HOST ECONOMY There are two methodologies in monetary hypothesis which add to contemplating the impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on have nations. One is the standard hypothesis of worldwide exchange by Macdougall (1960). This hypothesis is a â€Å"partial harmony near static methodology expected to inspect how minor augmentations in venture from abroad are distributed† (Blomstrom, 1997, p.1). The primary presumption of this model is that there is an expansion in the minimal efficiency of work and a decline in the minor profitability of capital. The other hypothesis was proposed by Hymmer (1960) and is known as the hypothesis of mechanical association. The fundamental inquiry of the hypothesis is the reason firms make interests in different nations so as to produce the comparative products they fabricate at home. The response to this inquiry has been appropriately concocted by Kindleberger, 1969, p.13), who says, â€Å"for direct venture to flourish there must be some blemish in business sectors for merchandise or factors, including among the last innovation, or some obstruction in rivalry by government or by firms, which isolates markets†. In this way firms of home nations must have some benefit which will be rewarding for its partner in the nation of origin (Blomstrom, 1997). Outside Direct Investment has both positive and negative impacts on the host economy. Beneficial outcomes OF FDI ON HOST ECONOMY FDIs have various positive effects on the host nation. It supports financial advancement by expanding the profitability and fares of the host nations. There are four directs which help in expanding the profitability of host nation, in particular impersonation, aptitude securing, rivalry and fares (Gorg Greenaway, 2004). The neighborhood firms in the host nations advantage by the circuitous innovation move that happens between the MNC and the local organizations. Neighborhood firms can contend all the more effectively in the fare advertises by replicating the prevalent innovation or the board methods utilized by the multinationals (Blomstrom, 1991). Local firms become progressively presented to the outside business sectors and therefore their insight into the universal markets increments. The Managers and other qualified representatives of the household firms secure the prevalent administrative and specialized abilities, which builds their effectiveness. Multinationals increment the current market rivalry, actuating the neighborhood firms to turn out to be increasingly productive by putting resources into physical or human capital. They help to increment mechanical proficiency and improve asset portion in have nations by entering markets which had numerous passage hindrances. In this way by entering these monopolistic markets they increment rivalry and power the nearby firms to turn out to be progressively capable. This is the means by which, residential firms are incited by multinationals and different abroad firms to improve their presentation and efficiency. Multinationals additionally impact the nearby providers of halfway items to turn out to be increasingly effective with conveyance speed, quality and unwavering quality of the items in order to fulfill the high guidelines of the abroad organization. It is seen that FDI positively affects work advertise. In the event that the efficiency of residential firms increments by duplicating the multinationals creation style which depends on expanded work profitability, at that point the household firms won't spare a moment from paying higher wages to the work (Lipsey Sjoholm, 2010). Multinationals likewise increment the standard of the host countrys work showcase by giving the workers preparing and making them sufficiently qualified to deal with confused hardware and expanding their profitability. Finally FDI influences the economy of the host nation decidedly by expanding their

Monday, July 27, 2020

A Study of Tradition 2 - The 12 Traditions of A.A.

A Study of Tradition 2 - The 12 Traditions of A.A. More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In 12-step groups, there is no such thing as individual authority. No one member directs or controls the actions of the other members of the group. Tradition 2. For our group purpose there is but one ultimate authority - a loving God as He may express Himself in our group conscience. Our leaders are but trusted servants; they do not govern. Group decisions are just that, group decisions. After a discussion of all aspects of a given situation, including the minority opinion, the group votes on the issue and an agreement is reached with the majority vote. This vote is called a group conscience. Each group is a fellowship of equals. No matter what an individual members background, education, or professional expertise, no member has authority over the group. In this way, the fellowship reaches out to all who would seek its comfort and provides the atmosphere of a sense of belonging to all members. But there are leaders... This tradition has been misquoted many times as we have no leaders. But it clearly states that each group does have its leaders, they just have no authority over the rest of the group. Whether they be the groups representative to the area or district, or the secretary or treasurer, they have been entrusted with the responsibility to serve the group, not make decisions for it. Groups clearly have other leaders also. There are those, who by sharing their wisdom and strength in the meetings, who are quietly recognized by the group as spiritual leaders. There are those members, who are so well-founded in the principles and traditions of the program, the group turns to when questions arise involving possible violations of those principles and traditions. These too are leaders, but they do not govern either. Here are the stories of visitors to this site who have shared their experience with tradition 2: A Sense of Belonging Before I came into Al-Anon I never really felt that I belonged to any group. No matter what committee, board of directors, steering committee, or whatever group I was a member of, I always had this feeling that everybody else belonged there, but I was somehow just visitingâ€"or intruding even. To compensate for my low self-esteem, I usually overcompensated. I always had to be the one who sold the most tickets, raised the most money, volunteered the most time or whatever. This was my way of trying to get to the point where my membership in the group was justified. So that I would feel that I was truly a part of the team. But, it never really worked. It was in Al-Anon that I learned the concept that the meeting did not belong to anyone, except those who showed up and participated. There was nobody who ran things. Nobody was in charge. Our leaders were but trusted servants, they did not govern. As I kept coming back to the various meetings, I discovered that Al-Anon really meant what it said. Every meeting I ever attended was just as much my meeting as it was anyones. It took a while to sink in, but I finally got that sense of belonging and it has carried over to other areas of my life. I now know that just by being a member and showing up and participating, I am just as much a part of the group as the oldest old-timer. And my opinions are given just as much consideration, and are just as welcome, as anyones in group discussions. Wendy A Group Conscience as Necessary It was one of those memorable meetings that we are sometimes privileged to attend. In Australia, people do not volunteer to speak at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting but are called by name or are pointed to by the chairperson. A few pass by simply saying that they will just identify with their name and the fact that they are an alcoholic, but most come up to the front and have a go at sharing. The person in the chair was an Aussie bloke who called mostly males only to speak. After the first few men spoke the females were getting restless after the next few guys spoke, some of the women got really agitated, and then after a few more mostly male calls, one of the women literally exploded. She stood up and shouted No! Thats it, you sexist pig! Are we invisible? Not worth hearing? Our chairperson said: Look, Im in the chair and Ill call whoever I am moved to pick and it isnt you so sit down and respect the meeting! Uh, oh! Not exactly the right thing to say to this feminist former street person in recovery! In her wrath, she made a beeline for the chairperson with obvious homicidal intent! Others cheered or jeered as pandemonium erupted. An old-timer jumped up, raised hands high and yelled Group Conscience, Group Conscience... like a chant. A few others picked up the chant and a momentary silence fell. Tradition two on the banner there indicates that I was a member of this group can call for a Group Conscience meeting at any time and I call for one right now! The woman was asked: Please state your case to us all. She did. She said that fairness required that women speakers alternate with men until the females had all had a chance to either pass or speak. The man in the chair was then asked to please state his case. He said that he had determined that there were five times more men in the room than women so he thought that it would be fair to call on women one-fifth of the time. Others were asked for any other comments. There were a few more women who felt slighted and only one friend of the chairman who agreed with him. A moment of silent reflection was called for, to ask our respective higher powers to guide us in voting and then all were asked to close their eyes except for the aggrieved woman and the chairman who would together count the raised hands for each method. The womans boy-girl alternative method was obviously overwhelmingly approved and we all settled down for a lovely second part of the meeting. Its not the first time I have seen a Group Conscience called for during a meeting but it was the most dramatic. Aussie Chuck Back to The Twelve Traditions Study

Friday, May 22, 2020

The Dangerous of Computer Hacking - 4220 Words

Christian Rupe 5/25/09 Research Essay: Final Draft Professor Wilson Hackers and Security Measures A diverse group of people often referred to as â€Å"hackers† have been stereotyped as unethical, irresponsible, and a serious threat to society for their actions of breaching of computer systems in an undesirable manner. I will attempt to construct a picture of what a computer crime is, as well as a portrait of what a hacker is, their concerns, and how most hacking occurs. I will also cover the best security measures against undesirable hacking. It is my intent to argue that, most hackers are learners and explorers who want to help rather than cause harm. Additionally, my research will suggests that the general principle of hacking is†¦show more content†¦This paper is a report of what I discovered about hacking, and subsequently a report about my research. I focused my attention on answering some key questions such as: what is hacking, who are the hackers, what motivates them, why is hacking dangerous, and what is the future of hacking. I also give useful details about computer crime especially its definition and some important categories of it. What is a computer crime? Computer crime is a more serious issue than most realize. â€Å"According to the FBI, the average profit in a live bank robbery is $4000; the average computer heist exceeds $400.000. The American society for industrial security calls computer-related crimes a multi-billion dollar annual business†. Although a lot of people agree that computer crimes are increasing rapidly, there is a disagreement on what a computer crime involves. That is because the technology and the methods used by criminals are continuously changing. Therefore, there are various definitions. But if somebody wanted to do a research about the law in different countries he/she will realize that computer is either the medium used to propagate the act or the target of the act. Thus, â€Å"computer crime consist of two kinds of activities: a) The use of a computer to propagate acts of deceit, theft or concealment that are intended to provideShow MoreRelatedHacking Team : A Virtual Control System ( Rcs ) Software893 Words   |  4 Pages Picture a dark room, where the only source of light is coming from a computer monitor. The clacking sounds of a keyboard echo throughout the room as words flash across the screen. Without much more description, one could easily assume that the person at the computer is a hacker, trying to gain access to sensitive information, as is the image presented to people by the media. Although not all hackers may operate in such an environment, what they do is still relevant in this age of information. HackersRead MoreThe Growing Threat Of Cyber Warfare From Russia1700 Words   |  7 PagesBenjamin Carver Mrs. Wuerfel English 12 Honors 6 February 2016 The Growing Threat of Cyber-Warfare from Russia The next generation of terrorists will grow up in a digital world, with ever more powerful and easy-to-use hacking tools at their disposal. - Dorothy E. Denning. This is becoming more and more apparent as time goes on. You hear something new every day about some company being hacked by the Chinese, Russians, Iranians, or North Koreans. The world we live in is becoming more andRead MoreNetwork Support For Computer Network Security Problems Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesNetwork Support For Computer Network Security Problems By Daniel A Hughes | Submitted On September 12, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Daniel A Hughes Computer networking was inventedRead MoreHackers And Its Effects On Society1085 Words   |  5 PagesMore than 30 percent of computers are infected by hacker-made viruses (â€Å"China Issues†). Hackers are an international threat that breach computers to gain information, to harm others, to make a profit, or to cripple a system. Hackers steal anything that might give them what they specifically want. This threat has increased to the severity that hacking threatens corporations and governments. Unfortunately, the hacking epidemic is rapidly spreading, but in order to counter hacking, one must examine andRead MoreCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Inernet1649 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Internet Cyber Crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking is a growing problem which can be prevented by taking the proper precautions. I. Background II. Cyber fraud A. Fraud sites 1. Free trials sites 2. Craigslist B. Preventing fraud 1. Personal information 2. Credit cards III. Identity theft A. Identity theft sites 1. Stealing information 2. Craigslist B. Preventing Identity theft 1. Who to giveRead MoreEthics Of Electronic Search And Seizure Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered moral if its benefits exceeds the harms to the affected parties. With the use of this ethical theory of act utilitarianism, it will be demonstrated that the amendment to to Rule 41 pertaining to electronic remote search and seizure of computer data is morally and ethically unjustified. Firstly, the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. constitution is violated by the amendment to rule 41 which would eliminate the â€Å"Reasonable Expectation of Privacy† of citizens. Additionally, the amendment to ruleRead MoreEssay on Counter culture / Hackers1346 Words   |  6 Pages Why Hackers Do The Things They Do? Hackers. You know them as gangly kids with radiation tans caused by too many late nights in front of a computer screen. Evil beings who have the power to wipe out your credit rating, cancel your cable TV, raise your insurance premiums, and raid your social security pension. Individuals who always avert their eyes and mumble under their breath about black helicopters and CIA transmissions. Paranoid, social deviants who could start World War III from the privacyRead MoreThe Art of Hacking Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe art of hacking The world of hacking cannot be placed into clearly defined positive or negative categories. When people hear the word hacker they tend to think about someone that defies or breaks the law. Everything in life has two sides of it the good and the bad, that is how people can understand a subject if they see both sides. Hackers can cause havoc around the world within the systems they get into just to get what they wish. On the other hand hackers are an essential help when we areRead MoreHow Hackers Have Changed Our World1174 Words   |  5 PagesMy project is going to be on the history of hacking. The term ‘Hacking’ was invented before 1990, but was not as popular or used for the same things by the 1990’s, it picked up a whole different meaning as technology advanced (Baase, 2015, pg. 230 para.1). In this paper I’ll be explaining things about when hacking became a criminal injustice, and its impact that it has on our entire humanity and societies. I’ll also bring up some information about hacking from the past such as how a Russian man namedRead MoreNetwork Infrastructure Attacks Against Network Infrastructures Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pagessimultaneously can prove to be dangerous for computer system. Non technical attack: Exploits that involve manipulating people- end users and even yourself are the greatest vulnerability within any computer or network infrastructure. Humans are trusting by nature, which can lead to social engineering exploits. Social engineering is defined as the exploitation of the trusting nature of human beings to gain information for malicious purposes. There is an example of hacking which is physical. For example:

Friday, May 8, 2020

Essay on Civil Disobedience - 738 Words

Civil Disobedience Henry Thoreau wrote an essay about it in the 19th century. Martin Luther King, Jr. preached it in the South. Mahatma Gandhi encouraged it in India. Nelson Mandela went to jail for promoting it. The Bible says that Paul, Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were all guilty of it. According wikipedia.org, civil disobedience encompasses the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resorting to physical violence. As Christians, the dilemma is to follow the precepts of government to the letter and violate the commandments of God, or remain faithful to God, and become an enemy of the government. Martin Luther King fought against government†¦show more content†¦Being a strong man of God, there is no doubt that King saw how his disobedience to the law was in direct conflict with the word of God. Submit yourselves for the Lords sake to every authority instituted among men: whether to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right. For it is Gods will that by doing good you should silence the ignorant talk of foolish men . Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good, to slander no one, to be peaceable and considerate, and to show true humility toward all men . So, Dr. King chose to subscribe to and to witness about the commandment to love your neighbor as thy self. In keeping with this commandment, he was on the wrong side of laws that were meant to keep a portion of Gods creations as less than rest of the community. But he was also keeping with the commandment of God. The Old Testament has various examples of men of God practicing civil disobedience. When Nebuchadnezzar built huge idols and demanded that every one worship them whenever music played, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship anything or anyone other than God himself. Nebuchadnezzar made it clear that they would be tossed into the fiery furnace. They refused, were put into the furnace, and delivered by God . King Darius made a decree that there would no praying in hisShow MoreRelatedcivil disobedience2309 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿IS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE JUSTIFIED? â€Å"The death of democracy is not likely to be an assassination from ambush. It will be a slow extinction from apathy, indifference, and undernourishment. 1 â€Å"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed individuals can change the world. Indeed, it s the only thing that ever has.2 History has shown us through the likes of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. who went against the greater power of their time to fight for injustice. These few respectableRead MoreLessons in Civil Disobedience828 Words   |  4 Pagesto its effectiveness, individualism, and past history of the world that has made immense progress. It is important to notice that if civil disobedience was not effective, then it would not be continually used to disobey the law. In The Role of Civil Disobedience in Democracy† by Kayla Starr, she explains why we have the right to participate in civil disobedience. â€Å"The U.S. Bill of Rights asserts that the authority of a government is derived from the consent of the governed, and whenever any formRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1397 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, human beings have participated in acts of civil disobedience. However, in the last two centuries the belief and practice of it has been in full swing and has even brought on major historical events, especially concerning equal rights and just laws. Three major firm believers and activists in civil disobedience were Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Gandhi. All three of these men participated in acts of civil disobedience but each in his own way and for different reasonsRead MoreCivil Dis obedience Or Obedience?885 Words   |  4 PagesLaKyia Scott Professor Nelson English 1302 09 February 2015 Civil Disobedience or Obedience INTRODUCTION Civil disobedience is defined as the â€Å"refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in government policy or legislation, characterized by nonviolent means†; theories on this topic have been debated for centuries. (American Heritage Dictionary 3rd Edition pg161) Henry David Thoreau was well known for his refusal to participate in the political systems or activities of his era,Read MoreCivil Disobedience, By Thoreau870 Words   |  4 PagesCivil disobedience is the refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in governmental policy or legislation. Thoreau s infamous ideas on Civil Disobedience, written in 1849, have been monumental in the fight for change. It has helped influence change anywhere from the 1940s fight against Danish resistance, to the 1950s and McCarthyism. Thoreau s words have helped lead the way to freedom. It has made the people of the world think about how they are being governed and how theyRead MoreCivil Disobedience in Ameri ca1044 Words   |  4 Pagesobedient includes: religious beliefs, background, and work ethics. Civil disobedience played a large role in America. Creating protests, riots, and sit-ins, America had many examples of disobedience. In America, we value our rights as citizens and individuals. We have the right to protest as stated in the first amendment of the United States Constitution, which is called Freedom of Speech. According to the Webster Dictionary, civil disobedience is said to be â€Å"the refusal to obey government demands or commandsRead MoreThoreau On Civil Disobedience1458 Words   |  6 PagesKonstantin Keller Anne Portman Philosophy 2010 4 December 2015 Thoreau on Civil Disobedience In Civil Disobedience, Henry Thoreau asserts that one should prioritize one’s conscience over the dictates of law. Thoreau begins his essay by arguing that government is rarely useful and that its power comes merely from the fact that the government is the strongest group, rather than because they hold the most correct viewpoint. He believes that people are obligated to do what they think is right and toRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Civil disobedience is the term assigned to actions taken by individuals to sway public opinion about laws that individuals deem unfair or unjust. Actions taken are usually nonviolent, and can include sit-ins, mass demonstrations, picket lines, and marches. Citizens are acting on their consciences, demonstrating highly advanced moral reasoning skills. Generally, these advanced skills fall into Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development, Stage Five and Six in particular. Characteristics ofRead MoreCivil Disobedience And The Apartheid1428 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, civil disobedience has been used to bring about change across a wide variety of civil rights issues. In India, Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience to nonviolently protest against the British Raj and, after a thirty-year struggle, earn independence both for himself and his people. In the United States, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. employed civil disobedience to overcome both the Jim Crow laws that had oppressed the African-American minority and the systemic racism that wasRead MoreCivil Disobedience Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesCivil Disobedience Civil disobedience: â€Å"Refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in governmental policy or legislation, characterized by the use of passive resistance or other non-violent means† (Houghton, 2000). Although this definition seems broad enough to cover any aspect of a discussion, there is still much to be said about the subject. Martin Luther King wrote a fifty paragraph letter about

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Health Nutritional Education Free Essays

When parents send their children off to college, they might entertain the notion that their little darlings, having been brought up with the four basic food groups, will continue to practice impeccable dietary habits. Little do they know that their children skip meals, guzzle soda by the case, subsist on a diet that would make a mother cringe (Baker 12). Quick and easy meals are most attractive to students, so the microwave plays a major role in student’s living habits. We will write a custom essay sample on The Health Nutritional Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now One half of all students say they use a microwave everyday, reports Roper CollegeTrack, an annual survey of student’s behavior and attitudes. When college students arrive on campus there are so many changes they must go through. The simple fact of not being home can cause major amounts of stress, therefore changing a young-adult’s eating habits. From my personal experiences as a college student, I have seen one of two things happen to students: they either gain weight or lose weight. When I came to college I weighed 150lbs. By the time I went home for my first Christmas break I weighed 173lbs. I got bigger, but not necessarily fatter. I weighed more, but my pants fit more loosely. A steady diet and consistent physical activity are the two keys to keeping the body you want during the most hectic, unstructured time of your life. My roommate played football with me my freshman year and weighed approximately 280lbs. He decided not to play anymore and wanted to lose weight. He began to workout and dieting right. He now weighs approximately 245lbs. This is a prime example of knowing what is right to eat for you. College students who leave home to live on campus or in an apartment face a period of transition during which they must assume greater responsibility for themselves, and this includes responsibility for their nutrition and dietary habits. Differences in dietary habits among college students have been well documented. Several factors have been shown to influence food selection, including gender, the desire to lose weight, age, academic major, and body-image perception. The location of residence has also been shown to influence food selection, but the relation between food selection and nutrient intake has not been documented (Beerman 1). For many students, living on a university campus is a traditional period between living at home with parents and living independently. Food decisions are among the newest responsibility that many students’ face. Because new eating habits developed during these years, both negative and positive, are likely to be maintained, nutrient education effects have been targeted towards this group. The amount of information that people know about nutrition does not always affect what they eat. Many college students who do not major in nutrition take a course in basic nutrition, and the changes in student’s concerns, habits, and knowledge of nutrition because of taking such a course were studied. Not all college students are required to take a nutrition course as a requirement to complete their degree. I believe that it would make a major difference in eating habits of many college students if they did. I took a â€Å"mini poll† in Whiteford Hall. I asked twenty different girls what their biggest nutritional fear of coming to college was. All twenty girls said that they were scared to get fat or gain weight. I asked them if they were going to take this nutrition course any time during their education here. Only seven said they would consider taking the course. I have not yet completed this course, but I have learned so many new things about my body and the way the works. Now I feel that I can lead a healthy life from the knowledge I have accumulated from this course. Upon completing a basic nutrition course, students felt that they had learned a lot about nutrition, but only 45 percent said that they made changes in their eating habits because of this. The only statistically significant change in food habits was the tendency to drink low-fat milk. Most also decreased their use of vitamins and mineral supplements (Mitchell 7). The Basic Nutrition course for the non-nutrition major may be the most widespread, in-depth means of teaching nutrition to college students. This course provides both academic and practical nutritional education, so the teaching is complicated by the need â€Å"to create informed consumers who value good nutrition and consume nutritious foods throughout their lives. Classroom tests measure textbook nutritional knowledge, but the practical application is not measurable. Several studies have found that nutritional knowledge is not predicting of dietary practices (Mitchell 8). I don’t agree with this statement. I believe that the more nutritional knowledge that you have, the better you will eat. If you know something is bad for your body, I’m sure you will refrain from eating it. You might not totally remove it from your diet, but you will probably lower your intake of the specific item. If you have no knowledge of the nutritional value of what you eat, you will have no chance of being a healthy person. College is a very demanding time in your in your life, both physically and mentally. You need all of the help you can get. Having a consistently healthy diet can play a major role in your college existence. You need the right type of energy to complete all of your daily tasks. If you have no knowledge of dietary requirements or the nutritional value of different foods, you can not make the right decisions for food consumption. College students indicated that the greatest value of improved nutrition was better health in the future. This should be considered in motivating students to make dietary changes (Mitchell 8). Vegetarian eating habits are popular among college-aged and teenage people. About 15 percent of the 15 million college students eat vegetarian meals. However, vegetarianism is more popular among women than men. 50 percent of women ages 18-19 believe in vegetarianism. Many young vegetarians choose not to eat meat in order to reduce the intake of fat, but some will occasionally eat meat. However, young vegetarians definitely do not prefer vegetarian-style meat products (Walker 6). To many Americans, the term â€Å"vegetarian† conjures up images of hippies noshing on tofu and brown rice. But a new generation of vegetarians may bring meatless eating out of the extreme and into the mainstream. The new bastions of vegetarianism are college campuses (Walker 7). Young women seem to be driving the trend toward meatless eating. Nearly 50 percent of women college students say vegetarianism is in compared with the 33 percent of men students, according to Roper CollegeTrack. Pamela Limpitt, food service purchasing director for the University of Pennsylvania, agrees: â€Å"I’d say 9 in 10 of our vegetarian students are women (Walker 12). A survey of young female athletes at a midwestern university reveals that nutrition knowledge is positively related to healthy eating practices. Data on these two indicators were collected to compare nutrition between female high school and college athletes in 1992. Analysis shows that the older athletes had more accurate nutrition knowledge and better eating habits than their younger counterparts. Moreover, a significant proportion indicated that they often turn to their coaches and trainers for this type of information, suggesting that physical education teachers can shape nutrition attitudes (Buch 1). Coaches and others who work with athletes must teach young people how to select nutritious foods that will promote a lifetime of good health. Young female athletes’ concerns about weight and body image strongly influence their eating practices. Knowledge alone is not enough to ensure good dietary habits. Attitudes also affect behavior (Buch 2). Nutrition knowledge is positively associated with age, education, dietary pattern, sources of nutrition education, and length of time in a sport (Frederick Hawkins, 1992; Perron Endres, 1985). Other important factors, such as concern for weight and the dependence on others for food selection, also affect food consumption (Barr, 1987). Athletes are always concerned with their performance and how to improve it. They may work to improve their technique, lift weights, or add the right nutrients in their body to perform at optimum levels. The only problem is that any athletes do not have the proper nutritional knowledge to make the right dietary decisions. For example, to build one pound of lean tissue, an athlete must consume approximately 98 grams of protein and 2,800 calories for extra energy to synthesize muscle (Williams, 1988). If this were the athlete’s goal for a week it would mean 14 grams of protein and 400 calories per day in addition to the usual diet. Fourteen grams of protein can be obtained in two glasses of milk or two ounces of lean meat. With a small amount of additional protein and enough fuel from complex carbohydrates, muscle building can occur. This is all very simple if you have the knowledge. Most athletes think that for muscle building you must take supplements or just eat a lot in general. This is why nutritional education is so important for an athlete to succeed in a very competitive age of sports competition. College is a very hard time for a young adult to be worrying about too many things at once. They have been fed all of their lives and been taught what is good and what is bad for them. There are some many outside factors that make your food selections for you. Many of these choices, you have no control over. That is why I believe nutritional knowledge is so very important in a college student’s survival. If you eat the right things you will have no weight or health problems. A good diet can ensure a long energetic life. During your college years you need all of the energy you need to pull â€Å"all nighters† during exams and when writing nutrition papers. The more knowledge you have the better your body will feel and the healthier you will be. How to cite The Health Nutritional Education, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

The Kardashians as a Reflection of Society free essay sample

It is clear from watching people emulate the styles of dress and talk that appear in media, that media has a socializing influence. What is not clear, despite nearly 50 years of empirical research, is how much socializing influence the media has when compared to other agents of socialization, which include any social institution that passes along norms, values, and beliefs (such as peers, family, religious institutions, and the like). Even while the media is selling us commodity and pleasing us, it also aid to socialize us, helping us pass along standard, values, and beliefs to the next generation. In truth, we are socialized and reserialized by media throughout our life succession. Reality television has affected many areas of society negatively. With all the exposure on the negative aspects, are there positive points if one goes searching, but does it outweigh the bad enough to turn the cheek to the major shifts in societys tone. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kardashians as a Reflection of Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reality TV shows are the ultimate illusion makers. Media has a sense of reality that subconsciously distorts our perception of it. These reality shows have a great influence on society for they promote negativity and vanity over humility, resulting in a influenced society thats concerned about what people think. Material wealth evokes the worst of our culture—materialism, vanity, narcissism, and greed—qualities the Kardashians symbolize. Almost every episode is a clear example of these woman lacking humility and have a tone of entitlement when it comes to getting what they want. Being happy with the basics which is what most learn through life and the lessons growing up, is completely out of understanding with this family. They want more and the price of getting it isnt an issue. Some viewers watching these behaviors could transfer over these values to live by their own since the show models it works so nicely and effortlessly for them.Some refuse to believe that the entertainment and media they are exposed to effects them, but this is simply untrue. Everything that one encounters, affects them. Without realizing it, reality shows have and still are distorting the views of body image with what is accepted and what needs to be changed, to be accepted. Most have been augmented, viewers are supposed to believe that these shows are indicative of real life and the people in them are perfection. With the Kardashian throwing money to get what looks they want as an everyday assurance, including plastic surgeries, it isnt a lapse of understanding why the rates have grown with young women and going under the knife. The social comparison of ones body image is being greatly affected and show like keeping up with Kardashian has played a part in this. When watching these shows the resounding message is that ordinary may as well be synonymous with worthless. Women are becoming desensitized to their emotional needs and instead use beauty as a temporary band-aid.Reality television shows has affected many areas of society negatively because the world has allowed what is being seen on televi sion, not only dictate but copy and define, what society seems to think is real life situations. Even though the Kardashian play a huge part in the influence they do represent success and achievement of the American dream to some. So, this family of wealth has maintained to stay on television for quite sometime which is more than most reality shows. Outside of being materialistic the Kardashian show a tight weaved family bond with each other and how important that really is. Perspectival speaking what is positive isnt compared to what the damage is and could be with reality shows. Its sad truth that so many Americans want to emulate a family whose chief interests seem to be materialism and wealth accumulation – ambitions. kkk show inhibits social interaction. Kardashian family reflects all that is commercialism and overconsumption. Think about how much has changed in society (whether we realize it or not) because of social media. Social media allows individuals to gather and express themselves in a much more simple and immediate fashion. By giving people this capability, they not only can share ideas, opinions and other contents, but also (if they wish) gain notoriety, and expand their influence. It is evident that media has a socializing control. Social media has forever changed the way society works. Society today is on the approach of a new way of prevailing that its never experienced before. Society will continue to break down if these trends continue to be more casual or acceptable.

Friday, March 20, 2020

Free Essays on Gladitorial Combat

Evaluate the importance of Gladiatorial combat to public entertainment to Roman culture: Kathleen M. Coleman, a professor of Latin at Harvard University, has written extensively on the Roman arena and teaches a course called Roman Games. Gladiatorial combat at Rome first appeared in the third century B.C. as part of funerary celebrations. Slaves, or sometimes prisoners of war, fought in combat in honor of the deceased. During the Late Republic gladiatorial combat began to gradually move out of the funerary scene. It becomes an index of the popularity of civic leaders outside Rome or the emperor in Rome. One key point is the deployment of violence as an ingredient in public entertainment. The Romans believed in physical bravery and its manifestation in combat as a cardinal virtue. And simultaneously they believed that persons of no status, particularly persons who had done something wrong, deserved physical punishment. The Roman arena was used to punish miscreants. Criminals were exposed to the beasts. It catered to an instinct in human nature that is attracted by the suffering and bloodletting of others. And this is certainly an element that is deployed in the modern entertainment media. Also, the extent to which we are distracted from the serious concerns of society by the glamour of public entertainment figures and the extravaganzas of the cinema and sports field represents a deep-seated human desire, familiar to the Romans, to be distracted from serious and troubling matters. And it was an effective tool to keep power in a few hands. We know that beast displays continued well into the sixth century. But early in the fifth century, gladiatorial displays finally seem to have ended throughout the Roman Empire. Probably due to a combination of factors: they became extremely expensive, and possibly the church may have had something to do with this, since the church fathers objected to pagan attractions and exhorted their flocks to at... Free Essays on Gladitorial Combat Free Essays on Gladitorial Combat Evaluate the importance of Gladiatorial combat to public entertainment to Roman culture: Kathleen M. Coleman, a professor of Latin at Harvard University, has written extensively on the Roman arena and teaches a course called Roman Games. Gladiatorial combat at Rome first appeared in the third century B.C. as part of funerary celebrations. Slaves, or sometimes prisoners of war, fought in combat in honor of the deceased. During the Late Republic gladiatorial combat began to gradually move out of the funerary scene. It becomes an index of the popularity of civic leaders outside Rome or the emperor in Rome. One key point is the deployment of violence as an ingredient in public entertainment. The Romans believed in physical bravery and its manifestation in combat as a cardinal virtue. And simultaneously they believed that persons of no status, particularly persons who had done something wrong, deserved physical punishment. The Roman arena was used to punish miscreants. Criminals were exposed to the beasts. It catered to an instinct in human nature that is attracted by the suffering and bloodletting of others. And this is certainly an element that is deployed in the modern entertainment media. Also, the extent to which we are distracted from the serious concerns of society by the glamour of public entertainment figures and the extravaganzas of the cinema and sports field represents a deep-seated human desire, familiar to the Romans, to be distracted from serious and troubling matters. And it was an effective tool to keep power in a few hands. We know that beast displays continued well into the sixth century. But early in the fifth century, gladiatorial displays finally seem to have ended throughout the Roman Empire. Probably due to a combination of factors: they became extremely expensive, and possibly the church may have had something to do with this, since the church fathers objected to pagan attractions and exhorted their flocks to at...

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Games to Support Skills for Children with Disabilities

Games to Support Skills for Children with Disabilities Games are an effective tool to support instruction in special education. When your students know how to play a game, they can play it independently. Some board games and many electronic games are available commercially or online, but they dont always support the skills that your students need to build. At the same time, many online computer games fail to support social interaction, which is an important benefit of supporting instruction with board games. Reasons for Games Drill and Repetition: Students with disabilities often need lots and lots of practice on skills, beyond what they would receive in a general education class, in a more naturalistic approach to instruction. We also know that students have difficulty generalizing skills, so games that use math or reading skills in a game will motivate children to use those skills across more social settings.Social Skill Training and Practice: Many children with disabilities, especially developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorders, have difficulty with social interactions. Board games support waiting, turn taking, and even losing gracefully, which both typical, and children with special needs struggle with. Games can even be designed to support social skills, such as a social skill game that requires students to complete a social task successfully (Say hello to a friend, etc.), to stay on a square on the board, or you can make some social skills cards for existing games (Chance cards on Monopoly?). Peer-Mediated Instruction:  Children with disabilities benefit from having skills modeled by typically developing, non-disabled peers. Those skills will include both academic and social skills. The typical peers will be sure to check the work of their challenged peers and can supervise play. Games as part of inclusion give both groups opportunities to practice skills, exercise some socially appropriate behavior, and build positive peer relationships. Bingo Kids love bingo. Kids with disabilities love bingo because it doesnt require knowing lots of rules, and since everyone plays through every game, it scores well on the engagement scale. It requires that they listen; identify the numbers, words, or pictures on the card; place a cover on the squares (fine motor skills), and recognize the pattern of covered squares. Many bingo games are commercial and available through online or brick and mortar stores. Teaching Made Easier, an online subscription tool for making games is an excellent way to make sight word, number, or other sorts of bingos, including picture bingos. Kinds of Bingo Games Vocabulary Building Bingos: These bingos have children cover pictures of animals or items in other categories to build receptive language.  Number Recognition Bingos: Teaching Made Easier makes it possible to customize the range of numbers used for Bingo. You can make one set of cards that uses numbers from twenty to forty to give students practice in recognizing numbers larger than twenty, but not the whole shooting match up to 100. You can also ask students with strong number recognition to read the cards, as it helps them build their skills in reading numbers aloud. Educators often recommend that some recitation in math instruction is included to be sure the numbers also get into students mouths.  Math Fact Bingo: Call numbers and have students cover matching math facts (i.e., call 12 and students can cover 2 x 6 or 3 x 4) Board Games You can build a board game based on any number of different games: Parchesi, Sorry, Monopoly. The simplest games are simple games that start at one place and end at the finish line. They can be used to support counting, or they can be used to support specific skills. You can use dice, or you can create spinners. Many Math series provide spinners that you can adapt: Once again, Teaching Made Easier provides a template for spinners. Kinds of Board Games Counting Games: An example is Halloween Rumble. Start with a serpentine path divided into squares, use dice (to building counting and adding skills) or a spinner. You can use a spinner for skip counting games (by 2s and 5s).Social Skills Games: Design this after games like Life or Monopoly, where students take cards to complete a social skill. Perhaps you might have a stack of requests such as, Ask a friend for help on your math, or a greeting: Greet a teacher in school. Quiz Show Games A great way to help students prepare for a test is a Quiz Show format. Build your game like Jeopardy and make you categories support whatever topic your students are preparing for. This is an especially good tactic for a secondary teacher who can pull a group from a content area class to prepare for a test. Games Create Winners! Games are a great way to engage your students, as well as give them lots of opportunities to practice skills and content knowledge. They seldom realize that the whole time they are competing with their classmates, they are supporting learning with their peers. It can provide some formative assessment information, letting you see whether a student understands a skill, a content area or a set of concepts.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Instructional Technology Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instructional Technology - Research Paper Example its of technology in classrooms and schools have opened up an interactive learning environment for the students where they can learn more quickly and effectively. One cannot deny the impact of technological advancements on the educational sector of any specific country. In this paper, we will explore the use of technology in instructional delivery at a nursing school. The nursing school, where I made a call in order to gather information regarding use of technology, is Catholic University of America’s school of nursing. I had a telephonic conversation with the registrar of CUA, who helped me collect useful information about use of technology in instructional delivery. The list of technological equipment used by the instructors of the school includes televisions, internet, microphones, and projectors. Let us discuss how instructors make use of these technological equipments in nursing classrooms. Instructors of CUA’s school of nursing use televisions to show how healthcare practitioners provide treatments to their patients. The professors show documentaries on different aspects of nursing and treatments. During the conversation, the registrar told me that televisions really help teachers in providing relevant and up to date information to the students. The documentaries help the students gather information about elderly nursing care programs, old and latest nursing equipment, and different treatments. The hardware requirement for this mode of instructional delivery is television, DVD player, and documentaries. The instructors need to be proficient in use of all of these equipments in order to make the students learn effectively. The instructors also make use of web-based method of instructional delivery. For this purpose, the instructors take students to the internet labs where they can search information related to various nursing techniques and treatments. The web-based instructional mechanism is very effective as it provides high level of interactivity

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Economics for the global manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economics for the global manager - Essay Example All benefits have a corresponding cost. The air we breathe, kept clean through laws costing millions of dollars to enforce, is not free. If your friend treats you for lunch, it is not free for you either, because the time you spent with your friend has an opportunity cost that may probably be more than the price of the lunch. 3. Why might the government want to influence transactions The government wants to influence transactions for many reasons. First, as in nations with free market economies, the government wants to make sure the market's rules are fair as part of its mandate to keep the people happy. One danger of a free market economy is explained by what is called asymmetric information: sellers may hide vital information from buyers that does not allow a fair price to be paid for a good (think second-hand car dealers). Otherwise, people cheated all the time will be aggravated and may move to change the government. Second, the government wants to control the supply and flow of money in the economy, because if they do not, there will be trouble in the form of inflation that can lead to social unrest (Solomon 1972 cited in Samuelson 1992, p. 712). Third, the government wants to influence transactions, like the Fed setting interest rates, Congress cutting budget deficits, or the Commerce Department ne gotiating trade agreements, because of the add-on effects that these actions (all are forms of market intervention) have on the nation's macroeconomic conditions. And fourth, government wants to ensure the country's patrimony is safe, for example to prevent some scam artist from selling the Statue of Liberty to foreigners. 4. What does the spillover or externality principle measure Use examples. This principle measures the costs or benefits of externalities, activities that affect others, without meaning to, either positively in the form of benefits not paid for or negatively in the form of inconvenience or costs for which they are not compensated. An example of the first (called external economies) is having a wife who is a doctor (you can consult her for "free" or, at least, you don't have to pay someone else to prescribe the right medicine). An example of the second (called external diseconomies) is driving recklessly on the freeway, which makes many other drivers nervous and increases their consumption of tranquilizers. 5. Currently our demand for gasoline is rising as our economy is expanding. However, we expect OPEC to keep the supply stable. Use a graph to show what your prediction is for the price of gasoline. USE A GRAPH INDICATING WHEN THE DEMAND INCREASES. I predict the price will increase, because as shown in the graph on Figure 1, with the supply constant and the demand increasing, the demand curve shifts to the right, moving the equilibrium point to the right, with the effect of increasing the equilibrium price, or the point at which the current supply curve intersects the increased demand curve, from p to p'. At price p, the gasoline market is in equilibrium, that is, supply equals demand. OPEC's move holds the supply curve steady, but an expanding/growing economy needs more fuel,

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Kant And Mill Ethical Theories Philosophy Essay

Kant And Mill Ethical Theories Philosophy Essay John Mills Utilitarianism and Immanuel Kants Fundamental Principle of the Metaphysic of Morality present the two philosophers divergent views on the field of moral philosophy. Mills Utilitarianism is a more refined ethical theory compared to Kants breakdown of the metaphysics and its use in proving what is right and what is wrong. Kant employs his corroboration of the subsistence of metaphysics as a discipline in his ethical philosophy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if a law is to have moral force, i.e., to be the basis of an obligation, it must carry with it absolute necessity. (Kant preface). This dictum forms the base for Kants ethical theory. Mill disputes Kants assertion that our moral force must be driven by an obligation. Instead, Mill argues that humans are driven by a desire to be happy. Immanuel Kant utilized practical reasoning in his moral theory and suggests that there exists only one moral obligation; categorical imperative. He states, Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law (Kant second section). This obligation is derived from the notion of duty, and describes the categorical imperatives as the demands of moral decree, and further emphasizes that an individuals behavior ought to live up to the moral laws. These categorical imperatives should be the constitution governing all men; they should be the principles of human life. Kant argues that all ethical duties inherently expected of humans stem from these categorical imperatives, and it systematically follows that human obligations are put to the test. He goes on to state that employing these imperatives, an individual regarded as rational could be able to achieve specific ends using certain means. Kants categorical imperative forms the basis of the deontological ethics. The fundamental principle of the metaphysics of morals postulates that moral law is a base or foundation of reason in itself and it does not have to be influenced by other contingent factors. The biggest flaw of Kants moral theory is that it fails to mention the role of human desire in the choices individuals make. Kant theory succeeds only in highlighting moral versus immoral human actions, and specifically makes it easier in making choices that exclusively involves evil versus good. It does not provide insight into what an individual should do in case he or she is faced by two evils, a nd he or she has to make a choice between the two. For instance, what does one do when faced with the exclusive choices of either lying or killing? Mills ethical theory offers an insight. Mills utilitarian ethical theory provides a rule that illuminates this quandary. Utilitarian theory supports Machiavellis the end justifies the means; according to the utilitarian opinion, the end of human action, is necessarily also the standard of morality (Mill ch II). The greatest happiness principle proposes that humans should inherently choose the option that gives them the most happiness. Mill constructs a world where the happiness of humans is judged. Mill believes that the best happiness is achieved when everyone is happy; the absence of suffering and pain. He believes that true happiness must be moral or intellectual in nature. Physical happiness does not qualify as true happiness. Happiness is greater than feeling of contentment. Mill talks of different forms of happiness, high and low happiness. When an individual experiences both forms of happiness, he or she develops a preference of one over the other. Mill opines that simple pleasures are preferred by individuals who have not experienced greater ones. Nevertheless, he still holds that higher pleasures are really valued. Because happiness predetermines human desires, it is only logical that our actions are determined by will; will to be happy. Mill however posits that the realization of human desire can at times be subjective to the will of an individual or an individuals habit. Mills utilitarian therefore covers more on human motives as compared to mere indulgence. Every intrinsic human desire is a derivative of elementary human desires to be happy or achieve gratification. Sometimes the pursuit of basic human pleasures may result in pain as a result of sacrifices humans consciously or subliminally make. Such sacrifices for the sake of happiness in the en d are fully justified. A significant difference between Mill and Kant, based on the two writings, is the gradation of ethics. Under Kants metaphysics of science, an individual can be regarded as morally upright while still being selfish. Under Mills utilitarian, an individual cannot be morally right if he or she is selfish since Mills ethical theory requires humans to extend happiness to others. All honour to those who can abnegate for themselves the personal enjoyment of life, when by such renunciation they contribute worthily to increase the amount of happiness in the world (Mill ch II). Kant negates the utilitarian idea by stating that there exists a divergence between desires and ethics and that contemplations of human rights temper estimations of cumulative utility. Kant holds that everything in existence possesses a price or a dignity. He adds that whatever possesses a price can be easily replaced by something else of the similar value as it, but whatever has a dignity can never be replaced. Both philosophers have deep thought on the issue of morality. Mill has his thoughts based on utilitarian grounds, which is an elaborate system that revolves around happiness of people. It hypothesizes that an individual ought to act in a way that ensures the happiness of those around them. Kant has his philosophy of giving morality a good versus bad angle. He, on the other hand, hypothesizes that reasoning and human nature should be the determinants of morality and not human desires. Morality is the root of human interaction and without it, humans would not discern right from wrong. Morality is very important but between the two philosophers John Mill offers an upgraded version of ethical philosophy that is more elaborate and practical.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Foundation and Empire 2. The Magicians

FOUNDATION†¦ With forty years of expansion behind them, the Foundation faced the menace of Riose. The epic days of Hardin and Mallow had gone and with them were gone a certain hard daring and resolution†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica There were four men in the room, and the room was set apart where none could approach. The four men looked at each other quickly, then lengthily at the table that separated them. There were four bottles on the table and as many full glasses, but no one had touched them. And then the man nearest the door stretched out an arm and drummed a slow, padding rhythm on the table. He said, â€Å"Are you going to sit and wonder forever? Does it matter who speaks first?† â€Å"Speak you first, then,† said the big man directly opposite. â€Å"You're the one who should be the most worried.† Sennett Forell chuckled with noiseless nonhumor. â€Å"Because you think I'm the richest. Well – Or is it that you expect me to continue as I have started. I don't suppose you forget that it was my own Trade Fleet that captured this scout ship of theirs.† â€Å"You had the largest fleet,† said a third, â€Å"and the best pilots; which is another way of saying you are the richest. It was a fearful risk; and would have been greater for one of us.† Sennett Forell chuckled again. â€Å"There is a certain facility in risk-taking that I inherit from my father. After all, the essential point in running a risk is that the returns justify it. As to which, witness the fact that the enemy ship was isolated and captured without loss to ourselves or warning to the others.† That Forell was a distant collateral relative of the late great Hober Mallow was recognized openly throughout the Foundation. That he was Mallow's illegitimate son was accepted quietly to just as wide an extent. The fourth man blinked his little eyes stealthily. Words crept out from between thin lips. â€Å"It is nothing to sleep over in fat triumph, this grasping of little ships. Most likely, it will but anger that young man further.† â€Å"You think he needs motives?† questioned Forell, scornfully. â€Å"I do, and this might, or will, save him the vexation of having to manufacture one.† The fourth man spoke slowly, â€Å"Hober Mallow worked otherwise. And Salvor Hardin. They let others take the uncertain paths of force, while they maneuvered surely and quietly.† Forell shrugged. â€Å"This ship has proved its value. Motives are cheap and we have sold this one at a profit.† There was the satisfaction of the born Trader in that. He continued, â€Å"The young man is of the old Empire.† â€Å"We knew that,† said the second man, the big one, with rumbling discontent. â€Å"We suspected that,† corrected Forell, softly. â€Å"If a man comes with ships and wealth, with overtures of friendliness, and with offers of trade, it is only sensible to refrain from antagonizing him, until we are certain that the profitable mask is not a face after all. But now-â€Å" There was a faint whining edge to the third man's voice as he spoke. â€Å"We might have been even more careful. We might have found out first. We might have found out before allowing him to leave. It would have been the truest wisdom.† â€Å"That has been discussed and disposed of,† said Forell. He waved the subject aside with a flatly final gesture. â€Å"The government is soft,† complained the third man. â€Å"The mayor is an idiot.† The fourth man looked at the other three in turn and removed the stub of a cigar from his mouth. He dropped it casually into the slot at his right where it disappeared with a silent flash of disruption. He said sarcastically, â€Å"I trust the gentleman who last spoke is speaking through habit only. We can afford to remember here that we are the government.† There was a murmur of agreement. The fourth man's little eyes were on the table. â€Å"Then let us leave government policy alone. This young man†¦ this stranger might have been a possible customer. There have been cases. All three of you tried to butter him into an advance contract. We have an agreement – a gentleman's agreement – against it, but you tried.† â€Å"So did you,† growled the second man. I know it,† said the fourth, calmly. â€Å"Then let's forget what we should have done earlier,† interrupted Forell impatiently, â€Å"and continue with what we should do now. In any case, what if we had imprisoned him, or killed him, what then? We are not certain of his intentions even yet, and at the worst, we could not destroy an Empire by snipping short one man's life. There might be navies upon navies waiting just the other side of his nonreturn.† â€Å"Exactly,† approved the fourth man. â€Å"Now what did you get out of your captured ship? I'm too old for all this talking.† â€Å"It can be told in a few enough words,† said Forell, grimly. â€Å"He's an Imperial general or whatever rank corresponds to that over there. He's a young man who has proved his military brilliance – so I am told – and who is the idol of his men. Quite a romantic career. The stories they tell of him are no doubt half lies, but even so it makes him out to be a type of wonder man.† â€Å"Who are the ‘they'?† demanded the second man. â€Å"The crew of the captured ship. Look, I have all their statements recorded on micro-film, which I have in a secure place. Later on, if you wish, you can see them. You can talk to the men yourselves, if you think it necessary. I've told you the essentials.† â€Å"How did you get it out of them? How do you know they're telling the truth?† Forell frowned. â€Å"I wasn't gentle, good sir. I knocked them about, drugged them crazy, and used the Probe unmercifully. They talked. You can believe them.† â€Å"In the old days,† said the third man, with sudden irrelevance, â€Å"they would have used pure psychology. Painless, you know, but very sure. No chance of deceit.† â€Å"Well, there is a good deal they had in the old days,† said Forell, dryly. â€Å"These are the new days.† â€Å"But,† said the fourth man, â€Å"what did he want here, this general, this romantic wonder-man?† There was a dogged, weary persistence about him. Forell glanced at him sharply. â€Å"You think he confides the details of state policy to his crew? They didn't know. There was nothing to get out of them in that respect, and I tried, Galaxy knows.† â€Å"Which leaves us-â€Å" â€Å"To draw our own conclusions, obviously.† Forell's fingers were tapping quietly again. â€Å"The young man is a military leader of the Empire, yet he played the pretense of being a minor princeling of some scattered stars in an odd comer of the Periphery. That alone would assure us that his real motives are such as it would not benefit him to have us know. Combine the nature of his profession with the fact that the Empire has already subsidized one attack upon us in my father's time, and the possibilities become ominous. That first attack failed. I doubt that the Empire owes us love for that.† â€Å"There is nothing in your findings,† questioned the fourth man guardedly, â€Å"that makes for certainty? You are withholding nothing?† Forell answered levelly, â€Å"I can't withhold anything. From here on there can be no question of business rivalry. Unity is forced upon us.† â€Å"Patriotism?† There was a sneer in the third man's thin voice. â€Å"Patriotism be damned,† said Forell quietly. â€Å"Do you think I give two puffs of nuclear emanation for the future Second Empire? Do you think I'd risk a single Trade mission to smooth its path? But – do you suppose Imperial conquest will help my business or yours? If the Empire wins, there will be a sufficient number of yearning carrion crows to crave the rewards of battle.† â€Å"And we're the rewards,† added the fourth man, dryly. The second man broke his silence suddenly, and shifted his bulk angrily, so that the chair creaked under him. â€Å"But why talk of that. The Empire can't win, can it? There is Seldon's assurance that we will form the Second Empire in the end. This is only another crisis. There have been three before this.† â€Å"Only another crisis, yes!† Forell brooded. â€Å"But – in the case of the first two, we had Salvor Hardin to guide us; in the third, there was Hober Mallow. Whom have we now?† He looked at the others somberly and continued, â€Å"Seldon's rules of psychohistory on which it is so comforting to rely probably have as one of the contributing variables, a certain normal initiative on the part of the people of the Foundation themselves. Seldon's laws help those who help themselves.† â€Å"The times make the man,† said the third man. â€Å"There's another proverb for you.† â€Å"You can't count on that, not with absolute assurance,† grunted Forell. â€Å"Now the way it seems to me is this. If this is the fourth crisis, then Seldon has foreseen it. If he has, then it can be beaten, and there should be a way of doing it. â€Å"Now The Empire is stronger than we; it always has been. But this is the first time we are in danger of its direct attack, so that strength becomes terribly menacing. If it can be beaten, it must be once again as in all past crises by a method other than pure force. We must find the weak side of our enemy and attack it there.† â€Å"And what is that weak side?† asked the fourth man. â€Å"Do you intend advancing a theory?† â€Å"No. That is the point I'm leading up to. Our great leaders of the past always saw the weak points of their enemies and aimed at that. But now-â€Å" There was a helplessness in his voice, and for a moment none volunteered a comment. Then the fourth man said, â€Å"We need spies.† Forell turned to him eagerly. â€Å"Right! I don't know when the Empire will attack. There may be time.† â€Å"Hober Mallow himself entered the Imperial dominions,† suggested the second man. But Forell shook his head. â€Å"Nothing so direct. None of us are precisely youthful; and all of us are rusty with red-tape and administrative detail. We need young men that are in the field now-â€Å" â€Å"The independent traders?† asked the fourth man. And Forell nodded his, head and whispered, â€Å"If there is yet time-â€Å"

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Sad and Sadistic - 803 Words

The word â€Å"father† appears commonly on first-grade spelling quizzes due to its simplicity of spelling; however, it holds startlingly many different meanings under its simple spelling. Most young-aged daughters characterize a father as the protector of their family who they can always rely on, a role model whom she gets inspiration from, and a counselor who provides wise guidance for her life. The Bible commands fathers to â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go† and to â€Å"bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.† Also, a British Poet George Herbert once said, â€Å"One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.† Absence of father, in other words, means insufficient guidance, security, and love in a young child’s life.†¦show more content†¦Even when the father is alive, he can possibly be physically away because of his work. No matter what the cause is, a father’s absence affects the future life of th eir children. Fathers affect who their children become and how they live their lives. One of the biggest problems fatherless daughters face is self-esteem issues and romantic relational problems. Fathers and daughters naturally have a link between them from birth, for they are genetically related. All daughters need and desire love from opposite sex and love from father satisfies this desire during the early age of a daughter. But when father’s unconditional love is absent from daughter’s life, she feels abandoned and neglected. This results in low self-esteem and doubtful self-worth. A daughter’s romantic relationships can also be affected significantly by the absence of father. There are two extreme effects: seeking for love and attention from a guy desperately or refusing to have a romantic relationship at all. Because a father was never able to satisfy a daughter’s desire for attention and love from the opposite sex, a daughter can desperately seek love and attention from guys without considering their character. On the other hand, beca use of the hurts she received from feeling abandoned by a father, it is possible that she will completely refuse to have a romantic relationship. Other effects of absence of father can be exposed on categories like education,Show MoreRelatedHas Society Treated Men and Women Equally Through the Years? Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesHas society treated men and women equally through the years? During the most inhuman, barbaric, and sadistic period of history, women seem to be mistreated in a higher degree. For many years women were not only considered the weaker sex but also repressed and dehumanized by the male dominated society. 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